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Mortar

Mortar is a homogeneous mixture, produced by intimately mixing cementitious materials, water, and inert materials, such as sand, to the requirement consistency for use in building together with masonry units.

Introduction to Mortar
Use of Mortar
Properties of Good Mortar
Selection criteria to select the type of Mortar
Types of Mortar
Preparation of Mortar
Precautions in Using Mortar

Mortars of masonry structures, from antiquity until the beginning of the 20th century, have been materials based on natural constituents, mostly based on lime and natural sands. However, mortars are composite materials of high complexity due to their composition, very connected to local techniques and traditions and to changes over time by interaction with the environment.

Mortar is a homogeneous mixture, produced by intimately mixing cementitious materials, water, and inert materials, such as sand, to the requirement consistency for use in building together with masonry units.

Mortar is spread on the bed and head joint surfaces of masonry units to bond the units together and, as importantly, to keep them apart. Structurally, mortar distributes gravity loads uniformly from one unit to the next and increases the shear strength of the assemblage. Mortar also decreases the moisture permeability of the assemblage.

For good durability and performance of the whole construction, mortars should be effective were it should be able to fulfill their specific roles, it should be compatible, where it should not induce damaging actions, such as undue retention of water or excessive stresses on the confining elements or damaging chemical reactions. This will help to preserve the durability of the masonry.

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